S
Solaria World
Back to Education Center

Technical Analysis Basics

Master the art of reading charts and predicting price movements

What is Technical Analysis?
Using historical price data to forecast future movements

Technical analysis is a trading discipline that evaluates investments and identifies trading opportunities by analyzing statistical trends gathered from trading activity, such as price movement and volume. Unlike fundamental analysis, which attempts to evaluate an asset's intrinsic value, technical analysis focuses on patterns of price movements, trading signals, and various analytical charting tools.

The core assumption of technical analysis is that all known fundamentals are already reflected in the price, and that price movements follow trends that tend to repeat over time. By studying charts and patterns, traders attempt to identify opportunities based on past performance.

Core Principles

Price Discounts Everything

All information—fundamental, political, psychological—is already reflected in the asset's price. The market price represents the sum of all knowledge and expectations.

Price Moves in Trends

Prices tend to move in trends (upward, downward, or sideways) and are more likely to continue in the current direction than to reverse. Identifying these trends is key to successful trading.

History Tends to Repeat

Market psychology is predictable, and chart patterns that worked in the past are likely to work again. Traders react similarly to similar market conditions.

Types of Charts
Understanding different ways to visualize price data

Essential Technical Indicators

Moving Averages (MA)
Smoothing price data to identify trends

Calculates the average price over a specific period. Simple Moving Average (SMA) gives equal weight to all prices, while Exponential Moving Average (EMA) gives more weight to recent prices.

Common periods: 50-day, 100-day, 200-day MAs

Signal: Price above MA = bullish, below = bearish

Relative Strength Index (RSI)
Measuring momentum and overbought/oversold conditions

Oscillates between 0-100, measuring the speed and magnitude of price changes. Helps identify potential reversal points.

Overbought: RSI above 70 (potential sell signal)

Oversold: RSI below 30 (potential buy signal)

MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence)
Trend-following momentum indicator

Shows the relationship between two moving averages. Consists of MACD line, signal line, and histogram.

Bullish signal: MACD crosses above signal line

Bearish signal: MACD crosses below signal line

Bollinger Bands
Volatility and price level indicator

Three lines: middle band (SMA), upper band (SMA + 2 standard deviations), lower band (SMA - 2 standard deviations). Bands widen during high volatility, narrow during low volatility.

Signal: Price touching upper band = overbought, lower band = oversold

Common Chart Patterns
Recognizing formations that signal potential price movements

Bullish Patterns

  • Head and Shoulders (Inverse): Reversal pattern signaling uptrend
  • Double Bottom: W-shaped pattern indicating support level
  • Ascending Triangle: Continuation pattern in uptrend
  • Cup and Handle: Bullish continuation pattern

Bearish Patterns

  • Head and Shoulders: Reversal pattern signaling downtrend
  • Double Top: M-shaped pattern indicating resistance level
  • Descending Triangle: Continuation pattern in downtrend
  • Rising Wedge: Bearish reversal pattern
Best Practices
  • Use multiple indicators to confirm signals
  • Combine technical analysis with fundamental analysis
  • Practice on historical data before live trading
  • Keep a trading journal to track your analysis
  • Start with longer timeframes for clearer trends
Common Mistakes
  • Relying on a single indicator for trading decisions
  • Ignoring the broader market context and trends
  • Over-analyzing and missing trading opportunities
  • Not setting stop-losses based on technical levels
  • Forcing patterns that don't clearly exist
Continue Your Learning Journey
Explore related topics to enhance your trading skills